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拉帕替尼(lapatinib)

2011-12-15 14:54  来源:中华癌症网  已有人次浏览  
拉帕替尼(lapatinib)
药品介绍:
拉帕替尼(lapatinib)——一种新的EGFR靶向治疗药物
乳腺癌晚期新药 Tykerb,是葛兰素史克公司研制的。 临床试验显示,对于那些已对罗氏的赫赛汀(Herceptin)产生耐药性的HER2型乳癌患者,这种新药有很好的临床效果
  拉帕替尼(lapatinib)是一种口服的小分子表皮生长因子(EGFR:ErbB-1,ErbB-2)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。在体外试验中,对Her-2过表达乳腺癌细胞系的生长抑制作用明显。在Her-2过表达的进展期乳腺癌的Ⅰ期临床试验中,拉帕替尼(lapatinib)也具有较高的有效率,且与赫赛汀(曲妥珠单抗)无交叉耐药。因为其结构为小分子,与赫赛汀(曲妥珠单抗)不同,能够透过血脑屏障,对于乳腺癌脑转移有一定的治疗作用。
                                            
  Spector报告了拉帕替尼(lapatinib)单药(1500mg/d)在难治性炎性乳腺癌(曾用过蒽环类药物或复发)中的Ⅱ期临床结果。病人分为两组A组(ErbB-2过表达)和B组(ErbB-1表达,ErbB-2不表达)。A组使用拉帕替尼(lapatinib)的部分缓解率达62%,B组仅为8.3%。毒性反应主要表现为Ⅰ/Ⅱ级皮肤和胃肠道反应。这表明,拉帕替尼(lapatinib)疗效与HER-2过表达有密切关系。


该药由葛兰素史克公司研制,是一种新型的靶向抗癌药物。所谓靶向治疗药物,是指将某些受体、基因或关键蛋白作为靶点,进而有的放矢地杀灭相关肿瘤细胞的药物。

该药和另外一种乳腺癌治疗药物希罗达一起使用,可以有效控制晚期的转移性HER2阳性乳腺癌。两种药物联合用药疗法适用于那些之前服用过其他药物但治疗无效后乳腺癌转移的患者。

拉帕替尼是一种激酶抑制剂,它的独特之处在于可以通过多种途径发挥作用,乳腺癌癌细胞不能接收到生长所需的信号。
Lapatinib是一种口服的小分子表皮生长因子可逆性的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,Lapatinib不同于其他酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,它能够同时作用于Her-1和Her-2 两个靶点,这种作用方式所产生的抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和生长的生物学效应要远远大于仅抑制其中一个靶点。Lapatinib 在体外实验中显示了对多种人类肿瘤细胞有活性,在动物实验中还发现与三苯氧胺联合能够抑制三苯氧胺抵抗的 ErbB-2过度表达乳腺癌的生长。而后在Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验确立该药物的剂量范围为每日口服 500~1 600 mg,毒副反应可耐受,主要表现为腹泻(42%)、皮疹(31%),没有观察到IV度毒性,III度毒性发生率仅6%,主要为腹泻和皮疹,并证实了对乳腺癌、头颈部癌、膀胱癌、子宫内膜癌等多种实体肿瘤有效,尤其在对曲妥珠单抗抵抗的局部晚期和转移性乳腺癌患者中显示了较好疗效(Lackey KE.2006;Pandite L,Burris HA,Jones S,et al.2004;Arona A,Scholar EM.205;Nelson MH,Dolder CR.2006)。在体外实验中,对Her-2过表达乳腺癌细胞系的生长抑制作用明显。

Geyer(Geyer A.2006)报道了一项总例数为321人的 Her-2 高表达且对曲妥珠单抗抗拒的转移性乳腺癌分别以卡培他滨或卡培他滨联合lapatinib 治疗的随机开放国际性Ⅲ期临床试验的结果,其中160例给予lapatinib 1 250 mg,每日一次口服,联合卡培他滨每日2 000 mg/m2口服,第1到第14天,每3周重复;另161人卡培他滨每日 2 500 mg/m2口服,第1到第14天,每3周重复。结果显示单用卡培他滨组的中位进展时间为19.7周,而联合组为36.9周,两组结果具有显著的统计学差异,P值为0.000 16,联合组几乎将至进展时间延长1倍。

Lin(Lin NU.2006)等报道了EGF105084扩展研究最新结果,EGF105084原研究入组标准为,Her-2阳性、转移性乳腺癌、目标脑转移病变直径≥10 mm、颅部放疗后脑转移进展、之前接受过曲妥珠单抗治疗、ECOG评分0~2。扩展研究的纳入标准为放射影像学证实拉帕替尼单药治疗后中枢神经系统疾病进展。扩展研究终点包括脑转移对联合治疗的反应率、第一次进展的位置、无进展生存(PFS)、耐受性和脑病变体积缩小≥20%的患者比例。

EGF105084扩展研究纳入原研究(242例患者接受拉帕替尼单药治疗,750 mg bid)中符合上述标准的51例脑转移进展患者。进入扩展研究后患者从单用拉帕替尼治疗转为继续接受拉帕替尼(1 250 mg/d)与卡培他滨(每日2 000 mg/m2,治疗14天,21天为1个疗程)联合治疗。

EGF105084原研究结果显示,单独使用拉帕替尼治疗的患者中位PFS为9.3周,16周时的PFS率为21.4%。扩展研究结果显示,接受联合治疗后完全缓解(CR)患者比例为0,部分缓解(PR)患者比例为20%(10例),疾病稳定(SD)患者比例为39%(20例),疾病进展(PD)患者比例为29%(15例),12%的患者进展情况不详。所有患者中49例接受联合治疗后CNS肿瘤体积缩小,其中20%(10例)患者的肿瘤体积缩小≥ 50%(绝对中位体积缩小7.1 cm3),37%(18例)患者的肿瘤缩小≥20%(绝对中位体积缩小4.8 cm3)。联合治疗患者的中位PFS为15.8周。肿瘤体积缩小≥20%的患者中位PFS为20周,其他所有患者的PFS为8.21周(HR:0.34,95%CI:0.17~0.68,P =0.001 3)。

从上述两项研究结果中可以看出:Lapatinib能透过血脑屏障,与曲妥珠单抗无交叉耐药;与卡培他滨联用,可缩小Her-2阳性乳腺癌患者的脑转移瘤体积,其单药有治疗脑转移瘤的活性,并与其治疗全身疾病的活性相当;对Her-2的直接靶向治疗与化疗联合具有协同作用等。

Perez(Perez EA,Byrne JA,Hammond IW,et al.2006)对 2 812例使用lapatinib的患者心功能分析结果作了报道,提示有1.3%的患者被检出有LVEF的下降,此现象多发生在用药9周内(68%),持续的平均时间为5周,仅0.1%的患者表现出心功能不全的症状且能被常规的心功能不全治疗手段所逆转,而且92%的患者有既往使用蒽环类药物、曲妥珠单抗、放疗的病史,所以应进一步研究lapatinib 的心脏毒性。


拉帕替尼说明书
http://www.bufotanine.com/pdf/tykerb.pdf
价格:250mg/150片/瓶, 30960元人民币,250mg/70片/盒13500元
Company:

GlaxoSmithKline

Pharmacologic class:
Antineoplastic (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

Active ingredient:
Lapatinib 250mg; tabs.

Indication:
In combination with capecitabine, for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2 and who have received prior therapy including an anthracycline, a taxane, and trastuzumab.

Pharmacology:
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal receptor type 2 (HER2) has been reported in a variety of tumors. Lapatinib works by inhibiting the tyrosine kinase components of the EGFR and HER2 receptors.

Clinical trials:
Lapatinib was evaluated in combination with capecitabine in the treatment of breast cancer in a randomized, Phase 3 trial that enrolled 399 patients. The patients had HER2 overexpressing locally-advanced or metastatic breast cancer that had progressed following prior treatment with anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab. Capecitabine was given on Days 1?4 on a 21-day cycle, and lapatinib was given once daily continuously. The endpoint was time to progression (time from randomization to tumor progression or death due to breast cancer). An interim analysis revealed that, according to an independent assessment, the median time to progression in the group given lapatinib + capecitabine was 27.1 weeks compared to 18.6 weeks for capecitabine only. The response rate was 23.7% for the lapatinib + capecitabine group compared to 13.9% for the capecitabine-only group. Data results from investigator assessment was significant as well.

Adults:
Take 1 hour before or 1 hour after a meal. Take once daily on Days 1?1 continuously with capecitabine (see literature for capecitabine dose) in a repeating 21 day cycle. 1250mg (5 tablets). Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh Class C): 750mg (no clinical data for this dose adjustment). After recovery from left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decrease: 1g. Concomitant potent CYP3A4 inhibitors: 500mg (no clinical data for this dose adjustment). Concomitant potent CYP3A4 inducers: may titrate up to 4500mg (no clinical data for this dose adjustment). Discontinue if ≥Grade 2 NCI CTC toxicity occurs; may restart at 1250mg if toxicity improves to grade 1; if recurs, may restart at 1g.

Children:
Not recommended.

Contraindications:
Renal disease or dysfunction. Metabolic acidosis, ketoacidosis. Concomitant intravascular iodinated contrast agents (suspend during and for 48 hours after use). Type 1 diabetes.

Precautions:
Discontinue if ≥Grade 2 decrease in LVEF occurs, or if LVEF falls below institution抯 lower limit of normal; may restart after at least 2 weeks at reduced dose if asymptomatic and LVEF recovers. Conditions that impair left ventricular function, or risk factors for QT prolongation (eg, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, congenital long QT syndrome, concomitant antiarrhythmics, cumulative high dose anthracyclines); correct electrolyte disturbances before starting. Severe hepatic impairment. Pretreat for diarrhea with antimotility drugs. Monitor ECG. Pregnancy (Cat.D). Nursing mothers: not recommended.

Interactions:
Avoid potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, ketoconazole), grapefruit; reduce dose if unavoidable. Avoid potent CYP3A4 inducers (eg, carbamazepine); slowly titrate dose up if unavoidable. May affect drugs that are affected by p-glycoprotein, CYP2C8.

Adverse reactions:
Diarrhea (may be severe), nausea, vomiting, hand/foot syndrome, rash, fatigue; decreased LVEF, QT prolongation.


(本文来源:中华癌症网  作者:admin  )

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